China's reform enters the deep water zone, internal factors such as domestic economic restructuring and external factors such as the rise of global trade protectionism have increased the uncertainty of China's economic growth，and the uncertainty of the economic and institutional environment facing China’s innovation has increased.The impact of environmental uncertainty on enterprise innovation and what measures the government should take to weaken the impact of environmental uncertainty on enterprise innovation are a series of propositions that need to be systematically studied in depth.

This thesis includes a multidimensional analysis of the business environmental uncertainty from the element dimensions; selects
representative variables from the economic and political domains, i.e., demand uncertainty and institutional uncertainty, as dual independent variables to study the mechanism by which they exert impact on enterprise innovation; analyzes the joint moderating effects of the key elements of enterprise network structure and institutional characteristics on the above mechanism in a relatively comprehensive manner; innovatively proposes an integration research model that considers the impact of dual fluctuations in both demand and institutional environment on enterprise innovation and the dual moderation of the above impact by
the enterprise network structure and institutional characteristics, which represents a new mode of studying the mechanism of environmental uncertainty on enterprise innovation; conducts empirical research using sample data from Chinese listed companies; and summarizes the theoretical contributions of the research, especially the insights and values it provides for innovation practices in the current environment.